Genetic Diversity of Pyrus boissieriana Populations Using Microsatellite Markers and Fruit Morphometrics

Abstract

Understanding genetic diversity within fruit tree populations is essential for conservation, breeding, and sustainable utilization of genetic resources. This study characterizes the genetic diversity of Pyrus boissieriana populations using microsatellite markers in combination with fruit morphometric traits to assess variability and population structure. Samples were collected from multiple natural populations across different ecological zones, and analyzed using a set of polymorphic microsatellite loci alongside detailed measurements of fruit size, shape, and weight. The results revealed substantial genetic variation within and among populations, indicating a high level of diversity that can be exploited for breeding and conservation programs. Microsatellite analysis showed significant allelic richness and heterozygosity, while cluster analysis distinguished distinct genetic groups corresponding to geographic distribution. Morphometric evaluation supported molecular findings, with considerable variation observed in fruit characteristics, suggesting phenotypic adaptation to local environmental conditions. The integration of molecular and morphological data provided a comprehensive understanding of diversity patterns and population differentiation. While molecular tools were used to analyze genetic variability, the primary focus remained on plant genetic resources and their implications for agricultural improvement. The findings highlight the importance of conserving diverse Pyrus boissieriana germplasm and utilizing it in breeding programs to enhance fruit quality and adaptability. This study contributes to sustainable horticulture by supporting genetic resource management, biodiversity conservation, and the development of improved cultivars suited to diverse agroecological conditions.