Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae against Schistocerca gregaria in Rangeland Ecosystems

Abstract

Locust outbreaks pose a significant threat to rangeland productivity and ecological stability, necessitating sustainable and environmentally sound control strategies. This study assesses the efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae against Schistocerca gregaria in rangeland ecosystems. Field and semi-controlled experiments were conducted to evaluate the pathogenicity of fungal formulations under varying environmental conditions, focusing on mortality rates, infection progression, and impact on locust population dynamics. The results demonstrated that Metarhizium anisopliae effectively infected and reduced Schistocerca gregaria populations, with higher spore concentrations leading to increased mortality and faster disease development. Environmental factors such as temperature and humidity influenced fungal performance, with optimal conditions enhancing infection efficiency and persistence. Treated populations showed significant declines compared to untreated controls, indicating the potential of the fungus as a viable biocontrol agent. In addition, the use of Metarhizium anisopliae minimized non-target effects and supported ecological balance within rangeland systems. While analytical methods were employed to monitor infection dynamics and population changes, the primary focus remained on biological pest control and ecosystem-based management. The findings highlight the potential of entomopathogenic fungi as an alternative to chemical pesticides for managing locust outbreaks. This study contributes to sustainable agriculture by promoting eco-friendly pest management approaches that enhance rangeland resilience, reduce environmental risks, and support long-term productivity.