Influence of Dietary Protein Levels on Eggshell Thickness and Laying Rate in Free-Range Poultry

Abstract

Dietary protein levels play a crucial role in determining reproductive performance and egg quality in free-range poultry systems, where nutrient intake may vary due to natural foraging behavior. This study investigates the influence of different dietary protein levels on eggshell thickness and laying rate in free-range poultry to optimize feeding strategies for improved productivity. The proposed methodology involves controlled feeding trials with varying protein concentrations in supplemental diets, while allowing birds access to natural forage. Key parameters such as eggshell thickness, egg weight, laying rate, feed intake, and overall bird health are measured using standard poultry science techniques. Additional factors, including forage availability, environmental conditions, and bird activity levels, are monitored to account for variability in nutrient intake. The collected data are preprocessed through cleaning, normalization, and statistical validation to ensure consistency and reliability. Advanced analytical and machine learning models, such as regression analysis, Random Forest, and Artificial Neural Networks, are employed to evaluate the relationship between dietary protein levels and production parameters. Experimental results indicate that optimal protein levels significantly enhance eggshell thickness and laying rate by supporting efficient calcium metabolism and reproductive function. In contrast, protein deficiency leads to reduced egg production and weaker shell formation, while excessive protein intake does not proportionally improve performance and may increase feed costs. The study identifies an optimal protein range that balances productivity and economic efficiency. The findings highlight the importance of tailored nutrition in free-range systems. The study concludes that optimized dietary protein management provides a sustainable and efficient approach for improving egg quality, enhancing laying performance, and supporting poultry health.