Optimization of Feed Digestibility and Weight Gain in Sheep under Urea-Treated Straw Systems

Abstract

Improving feed digestibility in low-quality roughage systems is essential for enhancing livestock productivity, particularly in regions where crop residues such as straw form a major component of ruminant diets. This study focuses on the optimization of feed digestibility and weight gain in sheep under urea-treated straw systems to enhance nutrient utilization and animal performance. The proposed methodology involves controlled feeding trials comparing untreated straw with urea-treated straw at varying supplementation levels. Key parameters such as dry matter intake, digestibility coefficients, average daily weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, and rumen fermentation characteristics are measured using standard livestock nutrition techniques. Additional indicators, including rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen levels, and microbial activity, are monitored to evaluate digestive efficiency. The collected data are preprocessed through cleaning, normalization, and statistical validation to ensure consistency and reliability. Advanced analytical and machine learning models, including regression analysis, Random Forest, and Artificial Neural Networks, are employed to assess the relationship between feed treatment, nutrient availability, and animal growth performance. Experimental results indicate that urea treatment significantly enhances straw digestibility by improving fiber breakdown and nitrogen availability for rumen microbes. Consequently, higher weight gain and improved feed conversion efficiency are observed compared to animals fed untreated straw. Optimal treatment levels and supplementation strategies are identified to maximize productivity without adverse effects. The findings highlight the effectiveness of integrating feed treatment techniques with data-driven analysis for sustainable livestock management. The study concludes that urea-treated straw systems provide a cost-effective, scalable, and efficient solution for improving feed utilization, enhancing weight gain, and supporting sustainable sheep production.