Comparative Analysis of Feed Conversion Efficiency in Ducks under Integrated Rice–Duck Farming

Abstract

The integration of livestock with crop production systems has gained increasing attention for its potential to enhance resource efficiency and sustainability. This study presents a comparative analysis of feed conversion efficiency (FCE) in ducks reared under integrated rice–duck farming systems to evaluate their productivity and ecological benefits. The proposed methodology involves controlled field experiments comparing ducks raised in integrated rice paddies with those in conventional rearing systems. Key parameters, including feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), growth performance, and survival rate, are measured using standard poultry production techniques. Additional variables such as natural feed availability (insects, weeds, and aquatic organisms), water quality, and rice crop interactions are monitored to assess system-level efficiency. The collected data are preprocessed through cleaning, normalization, and statistical validation to ensure consistency and reliability. Advanced analytical and machine learning models, including regression analysis, Random Forest, and Artificial Neural Networks, are employed to analyze the relationship between farming systems and feed utilization efficiency. Experimental results indicate that integrated rice–duck farming significantly improves feed conversion efficiency due to the availability of natural feed resources, reducing dependence on external feed inputs. Ducks in integrated systems exhibit better growth performance and lower FCR values compared to conventional systems. Additionally, the system contributes to weed control and pest management in rice fields, enhancing overall farm productivity. The findings highlight the effectiveness of integrated farming systems in improving resource utilization and sustainability. The study concludes that rice–duck integration provides a scalable, eco-friendly, and economically viable approach for enhancing feed efficiency, reducing production costs, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.