Reproductive Performance and Hormonal Profiles in Sows Supplemented with Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Abstract

Improving reproductive efficiency in swine production is essential for enhancing productivity and economic returns in livestock systems. This study presents a comparative analysis of reproductive performance and hormonal profiles in sows supplemented with dietary omega-3 fatty acids under controlled feeding conditions. Experimental groups were assigned diets with and without omega-3 supplementation to evaluate their effects on key reproductive parameters, including estrus cycle regularity, conception rate, litter size, and piglet birth weight. In addition, hormonal profiles were assessed by measuring circulating levels of reproductive hormones such as progesterone, estrogen, and luteinizing hormone to understand physiological responses to dietary intervention. Results indicated that omega-3 supplementation significantly improved reproductive performance, with treated sows exhibiting higher conception rates, increased litter size, and improved piglet viability compared to control groups. Enhanced hormonal balance was observed in supplemented animals, characterized by more stable progesterone levels and improved estrogen regulation, which contributed to better reproductive outcomes. The study also noted improved overall health status and reduced reproductive stress in treated sows. Moderate supplementation levels yielded the most consistent benefits without negatively affecting feed intake or metabolic balance. The findings highlight the role of omega-3 fatty acids as a functional dietary component in improving reproductive efficiency and animal well-being. While analytical methods were used to evaluate hormonal responses, the primary emphasis remains on practical livestock nutrition and reproductive management. These results provide actionable insights for swine producers to enhance productivity, optimize breeding performance, and promote sustainable livestock production systems.