Allelopathic Potential of Cyperus rotundus Tuber Extracts on the Growth and Photosynthetic Efficiency of Triticale

Abstract

Allelopathy plays a significant role in plant–plant interactions within agroecosystems, influencing crop establishment, growth, and productivity. This study characterizes the allelopathic potential of tuber extracts from Cyperus rotundus on the growth and photosynthetic efficiency of triticale under controlled experimental conditions. A series of bioassays were conducted using graded concentrations of aqueous tuber extracts to evaluate their effects on seed germination, seedling vigor, biomass accumulation, and key photosynthetic parameters. The results demonstrated that increasing concentrations of Cyperus rotundus extracts significantly inhibited germination rate, root and shoot development, and overall plant growth of triticale. Photosynthetic efficiency, measured through chlorophyll content and related physiological indicators, was also adversely affected, indicating disruption in photosynthetic processes. The inhibitory effects were attributed to the presence of allelochemicals in the tuber extracts, which interfered with cellular metabolism and nutrient assimilation. Lower extract concentrations exhibited comparatively mild effects, suggesting a dose-dependent response. While analytical methods were employed to assess physiological responses and extract activity, the study primarily focused on understanding ecological interactions and their implications for crop management. The findings highlight the potential of Cyperus rotundus as a competitive weed species with strong allelopathic influence, underscoring the need for effective management strategies in cereal-based cropping systems. This research contributes to sustainable agriculture by providing insights into natural plant interactions that affect crop performance and resource-use efficiency.