Physical and Functional Properties of Biodegradable Films Derived from Dioscorea alata Starch and Beeswax

Abstract

The development of biodegradable packaging materials from renewable agricultural resources is essential for reducing environmental impacts associated with conventional plastics. This study characterizes the physical and functional properties of biodegradable films derived from Dioscorea alata starch incorporated with beeswax, with the aim of improving material performance for agricultural and food packaging applications. Film formulations were prepared using varying ratios of starch and beeswax, and evaluated for key properties including thickness, tensile strength, water vapor permeability, solubility, and barrier characteristics. The results indicated that incorporation of beeswax significantly enhanced the hydrophobicity of the films, leading to reduced water vapor transmission and improved moisture resistance. However, increasing beeswax content influenced mechanical properties, with moderate levels providing an optimal balance between flexibility and strength. The films also exhibited desirable biodegradability and compatibility with food-contact applications, highlighting their potential as sustainable packaging alternatives. Structural interactions between starch and beeswax contributed to improved film integrity and functional performance. While analytical techniques were employed to assess material characteristics, the primary focus remained on utilizing agricultural biomass and enhancing value-added applications of crop-derived materials. The findings demonstrate that Dioscorea alata starch-based biodegradable films can serve as an eco-friendly solution for reducing plastic dependency while maintaining essential packaging functions. This study contributes to sustainable agricultural systems by promoting the use of renewable resources, supporting waste valorization, and advancing environmentally responsible material development.