Dietary Zeolite Supplementation on the Gut Morphology and Bone Mineralization of Meleagris gallopavo (Turkey)

Abstract

Optimizing mineral utilization and gut health is essential for improving growth performance and skeletal development in poultry production systems. This study investigates the influence of dietary zeolite supplementation on gut morphology and bone mineralization in Meleagris gallopavo under standard rearing conditions. A feeding trial was conducted using graded levels of zeolite incorporated into formulated diets, and birds were evaluated for intestinal structural characteristics, nutrient absorption indicators, and bone quality parameters. The results demonstrated that zeolite supplementation positively influenced gut morphology by increasing villus height, improving villus-to-crypt ratio, and enhancing intestinal integrity, thereby facilitating better nutrient absorption. These improvements were associated with enhanced mineral retention and utilization, leading to significant increases in bone mineral density, calcium deposition, and overall skeletal strength. Moderate inclusion levels of zeolite were found to be most effective, while higher levels showed no additional benefits. The adsorption and ion-exchange properties of zeolite contributed to improved gut environment and reduced nutrient loss, supporting efficient digestion and metabolic function. While analytical techniques were used to assess histological and mineral parameters, the primary emphasis remained on animal nutrition and physiological performance. The findings highlight the potential of zeolite as a functional feed additive to improve gut health and bone development in turkey production systems. This study contributes to sustainable poultry management by providing practical nutritional strategies that enhance productivity, optimize resource-use efficiency, and support animal health and welfare.