Mentha arvensis Essential Oil Constituents and Glandular Trichome Frequency to Different Levels of Vermicompost

Abstract

Organic nutrient management plays a vital role in enhancing the quality and productivity of medicinal and aromatic plants. This study evaluates the response of Mentha arvensis to different levels of vermicompost, with particular emphasis on essential oil constituents and glandular trichome frequency. A field experiment was conducted using graded vermicompost applications to assess their effects on plant growth, biomass production, oil yield, and biochemical composition. The results indicated that vermicompost significantly improved vegetative growth and herbage yield, contributing to enhanced essential oil productivity. Moderate application rates were found to optimize both oil yield and composition, with notable increases in key constituents such as menthol and menthone. Additionally, vermicompost treatments positively influenced glandular trichome density on leaf surfaces, which is closely associated with essential oil biosynthesis and accumulation. Improved soil structure, nutrient availability, and microbial activity under vermicompost application contributed to better plant physiological performance and secondary metabolite production. Excessive application levels, however, showed diminishing returns, indicating the importance of balanced nutrient input. While analytical techniques were employed to quantify oil composition and trichome characteristics, the primary focus remained on agronomic practices and plant physiological responses. The findings highlight the potential of vermicompost as an effective organic amendment for improving both yield and quality of Mentha arvensis. This study contributes to sustainable agricultural practices by promoting eco-friendly nutrient management strategies that enhance crop productivity, resource-use efficiency, and value addition in medicinal plant systems.